Christmas
HOLIDAY
WRITTEN BY: Hans J. Hillerbrand
LAST UPDATED: Dec 20, 2019 See Article History
ARTICLE CONTENTS
Christmas, Christian festival celebrating the birth of Jesus. The English term Christmas (“mass on Christ’s day”) is of fairly recent origin. The earlier term Yule may have derived from the Germanic jōl or the Anglo-Saxon geōl, which referred to the feast of the winter solstice. The corresponding terms in other languages—Navidad in Spanish, Natale in Italian, Noël in French—all probably denote nativity. The German word Weihnachten denotes “hallowed night.” Since the early 20th century, Christmas has also been a secular family holiday, observed by Christians and non-Christians alike, devoid of Christian elements, and marked by an increasingly elaborate exchange of gifts. In this secular Christmas celebration, a mythical figure named Santa Claus plays the pivotal role.

The Nativity, fresco by Giotto, c. 1305–06, depicting the birth of Jesus; in the Scrovegni Chapel, Padua, Italy.
ART Collection/Alamy

Christmas
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Origin And Development
The early Christian community distinguished between the identification of the date of Jesus’ birth and the liturgical celebration of that event. The actual observance of the day of Jesus’ birth was long in coming. In particular, during the first two centuries of Christianity there was strong opposition to recognizing birthdays of martyrs or, for that matter, of Jesus. Numerous Church Fathers offered sarcastic comments about the pagan custom of celebrating birthdays when, in fact, saints and martyrs should be honoured on the days of their martyrdom—their true “birthdays,” from the church’s perspective.

TOP QUESTIONS
What is Christmas?
When is Christmas celebrated?
How is Christmas celebrated?
Does Christmas have pagan roots?
Did Christmas start in Germany?

Why is Christmas in December?
Learn why Christmas is celebrated on December 25.
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
The precise origin of assigning December 25 as the birth date of Jesus is unclear. The New Testament provides no clues in this regard. December 25 was first identified as the date of Jesus’ birth by Sextus Julius Africanus in 221 and later became the universally accepted date. One widespread explanation of the origin of this date is that December 25 was the Christianizing of the dies solis invicti nati (“day of the birth of the unconquered sun”), a popular holiday in the Roman Empire that celebrated the winter solstice as a symbol of the resurgence of the sun, the casting away of winter and the heralding of the rebirth of spring and summer. Indeed, after December 25 had become widely accepted as the date of Jesus’ birth, Christian writers frequently made the connection between the rebirth of the sun and the birth of the Son. One of the difficulties with this view is that it suggests a nonchalant willingness on the part of the Christian church to appropriate a pagan festival when the early church was so intent on distinguishing itself categorically from pagan beliefs and practices.

A second view suggests that December 25 became the date of Jesus’ birth by a priori reasoning that identified the spring equinox as the date of the creation of the world and the fourth day of creation, when the light was created, as the day of Jesus’ conception (i.e., March 25). December 25, nine months later, then became the date of Jesus’ birth. For a long time the celebration of Jesus’ birth was observed in conjunction with his baptism, celebrated January 6.

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Christmas began to be widely celebrated with a specific liturgy in the 9th century but did not attain the liturgical importance of either Good Friday or Easter, the other two major Christian holidays. Roman Catholic churches celebrate the first Christmas mass at midnight, and Protestant churches have increasingly held Christmas candlelight services late on the evening of December 24. A special service of “lessons and carols” intertwines Christmas carols with Scripture readings narrating salvation history from the Fall in the Garden of Eden to the coming of Christ. The service, inaugurated by E.W. Benson and adopted at the University of Cambridge, has become widely popular.

Contemporary Customs In The West

Christmas: Advent calendars and wreaths
Learn about the Christmas traditions of Advent calendars and wreaths.
Contunico © ZDF Enterprises GmbH, Mainz

Christmas tree
History of the Christmas tree.
Contunico © ZDF Enterprises GmbH, Mainz
None of the contemporary Christmas customs have their origin in theological or liturgical affirmations, and most are of fairly recent date. The Renaissance humanist Sebastian Brant recorded, in Das Narrenschiff (1494; The Ship of Fools), the custom of placing branches of fir trees in houses. Even though there is some uncertainty about the precise date and origin of the tradition of the Christmas tree, it appears that fir trees decorated with apples were first known in Strasbourg in 1605. The first use of candles on such trees is recorded by a Silesian duchess in 1611. The Advent wreath—made of fir branches, with four candles denoting the four Sundays of the Advent season—is of even more recent origin, especially in North America. The custom, which began in the 19th century but had roots in the 16th, originally involved a fir wreath with 24 candles (the 24 days before Christmas, starting December 1), but the awkwardness of having so many candles on the wreath reduced the number to four. An analogous custom is the Advent calendar, which provides 24 openings, one to be opened each day beginning December 1. According to tradition, the calendar was created in the 19th century by a Munich housewife who tired of having to answer endlessly when Christmas would come. The first commercial calendars were printed in Germany in 1851. The intense preparation for Christmas that is part of the commercialization of the holiday has blurred the traditional liturgical distinction between Advent and the Christmas season, as can be seen by the placement of Christmas trees in sanctuaries well before December 25.

Lighting of the U.S. National Christmas Tree, Washington, D.C., 2008.
Donna Spiewak/NPS
Toward the end of the 18th century the practice of giving gifts to family members became well established. Theologically, the feast day reminded Christians of God’s gift of Jesus to humankind even as the coming of the Wise Men, or Magi, to Bethlehem suggested that Christmas was somehow related to giving gifts. The practice of giving gifts, which goes back to the 15th century, contributed to the view that Christmas was a secular holiday focused on family and friends. This was one reason why Puritans in Old and New England opposed the celebration of Christmas and in both England and America succeeded in banning its observance.

The tradition of celebrating Christmas as a secular family holiday is splendidly illustrated by a number of English “Christmas” carols such as “Here We Come A-Wassailing” or “Deck the Halls.” It can also be seen in the practice of sending Christmas cards, which began in England in the 19th century. Moreover, in countries such as Austria and Germany, the connection between the Christian festival and the family holiday is made by identifying the Christ Child as the giver of gifts to the family. In some European countries, St. Nicholas appears on his feast day (December 6) bringing modest gifts of candy and other gifts to children. In North America the pre-Christmas role of the Christian saint Nicholas was transformed, under the influence of the poem “A Visit from St. Nicholas” (or “ ’Twas the Night Before Christmas”), into the increasingly central role of Santa Claus as the source of Christmas gifts for the family. While both name and attire—a version of the traditional dress of bishop—of Santa Claus reveal his Christian roots, and his role of querying children about their past behaviour replicates that of St. Nicholas, he is seen as a secular figure. In Australia, where people attend open-air concerts of Christmas carols and have their Christmas dinner on the beach, Santa Claus wears red swimming trunks as well as a white beard.

Christmas decorations lighting up Donegall Square, Belfast, N.Ire.
Geray Sweeney/Tourism Ireland

Christmas: presents
The Christmas tradition of gift giving.
Contunico © ZDF Enterprises GmbH, Mainz

Quedlinburg: Christmas market
Tour the Christmas market in Quedlinburg, Germany.
Contunico © ZDF Enterprises GmbH, Mainz
In most European countries, gifts are exchanged on Christmas Eve, December 24, in keeping with the notion that the baby Jesus was born on the night of the 24th. The morning of December 25, however, has become the time for the exchange of gifts in North America. In 17th- and 18th-century Europe the modest exchange of gifts took place in the early hours of the 25th when the family returned home from the Christmas mass. When the evening of the 24th became the time for the exchange of gifts, the Christmas mass was set into the late afternoon of that day. In North America the centrality of the morning of the 25th of December as the time for the family to open presents has led, with the exception of Catholic and some Lutheran and Episcopal churches, to the virtual end of holding church services on that day, a striking illustration of the way societal customs influence liturgical practices.

Christmas
A front yard decorated for Christmas.
© Hemera/Thinkstock
Given the importance of Christmas as one of the major Christian feast days, most European countries observe, under Christian influence, December 26 as a second Christmas holiday. This practice recalls the ancient Christian liturgical notion that the celebration of Christmas, as well as that of Easter and of Pentecost, should last the entire week. The weeklong observance, however, was successively reduced to Christmas day and a single additional holiday on December 26.

Contemporary Customs In Eastern And Oriental Orthodoxy
Eastern Orthodox churches honour Christmas on December 25. However, for those that continue to use the Julian calendar for their liturgical observances, this date corresponds to January 7 on the Gregorian calendar. The churches of the Oriental Orthodox communion celebrate Christmas variously. For example, in Armenia, the first country to adopt Christianity as its official religion, the church uses its own calendar; the Armenian Apostolic Church honours January 6 as Christmas. In Ethiopia, where Christianity has had a home ever since the 4th century, the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church celebrates Christmas on January 7. Most of the churches of the Syriac Orthodox Patriarchate of Antioch and All the East celebrate Christmas on December 25; at the Church of the Nativity in Bethlehem, however, the Syriac Orthodox celebrate Christmas on January 6 with the Armenian Apostolic Church. Congregations of the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria follow the date of December 25 on the Julian calendar, which corresponds to Khiak 29 on the ancient Coptic calendar.

Contemporary Customs In Other Areas
With the spread of Christianity beyond Europe and North America, the celebration of Christmas was transferred to societies throughout the non-Western world. In many of these countries, Christians are not the majority population, and, therefore, the religious holiday has not become a cultural holiday. Christmas customs in these societies thus often echo Western traditions because the people were exposed to Christianity as a religion and cultural artifact of the West.

Girls holding candles and singing in front of a Christmas tree in Seoul.
You Sung-Ho—Reuters/Newscom
In South and Central America, unique religious and secular traditions mark the Christmas celebration. In Mexico, on days leading up to Christmas, the search of Mary and Joseph for a place to stay is reenacted, and children try to break a piñata filled with toys and candy. Christmas is a great summer festival in Brazil, including picnics, fireworks, and other festivities as well as a solemn procession of priests to the church to celebrate midnight mass.

In some parts of India the evergreen Christmas tree is replaced by the mango tree or the bamboo tree, and houses are decorated with mango leaves and paper stars. Christmas largely remains a Christian holiday and is otherwise not widely observed.

Japan serves as illustration of a different sort. In that predominantly Shintō and Buddhist country, the secular aspects of the holiday—Christmas trees and decorations, even the singing of Christmas songs such as “Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer” or “White Christmas”—are widely observed instead of the religious aspects.

Hans J. Hillerbrand
The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
LEARN MORE in these related Britannica articles:

Sweden: Daily life and social customs
Christmas is celebrated on December 24 with the traditional Julskinka ham. Glogg, a mulled, spiced wine,…

Finland: Daily life and social customs
…in northern Finland, the spruce Christmas tree is a relative newcomer to the country, having made its…

Cuba: Religion
The government removed Christmas from its list of national holidays in 1969. The constitution of 1976…

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The four best chess opening moves for White are 1.e4, 1.d4, 1.c4 and 1.Nf3

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What are the Best Chess Opening Moves? – The Definitive Guide
Posted In
CategoryGeneral Chess Articles
Posted On
PublishedNovember 1, 2017
What are the Best Chess Opening Moves?
The four best chess opening moves for White are 1.e4, 1.d4, 1.c4 and 1.Nf3
The best chess openings after 1.e4 are the Ruy Lopez, the Italian, the Sicilian Defense, the French Defense, and the Caro Kann.
The best chess openings after 1.d4 are the Queen’s Gambit, the King’s Indian Defense, the Slav Defense, the Grunfeld Defense, and the Nimzo Indian Defense.
The move 1.c4 leads to the English Opening – one of the best chess openings for White.
The move 1.Nf3 leads to the Reti Openings – a strong chess opening for White.
Examining the starting position of the game of chess, White has twenty legal chess moves at his disposal. Obviously, moves like 1.e4 or 1.d4 are far more popular than moves like 1.a3 or 1.g4.

If you’re a complete beginner who is new to how chess pieces move, it might be difficult to understand why we regard certain chess opening moves as sound, whilst others seem to be quite poor.

Many amateurs memorize the first few most popular opening moves in chess, but they don’t know why these moves are frequently played. It’s important to understand that whenever a player makes a move, they are gaining or losing control over certain critical areas of the board.

In order to figure out the best chess opening moves, we put the cart before the horse. First of all, we will take a close look at some bad and dubious opening moves and try to understand the different downsides of these moves. After that, we can analyze better approaches to start the game.

In the following article, we investigate the moves from White’s perspective. The article discusses three categories of chess moves, starting with White’s weird first moves and building up to rare or semi-mainstream options. The aim of this article is to help you learn theoretical sound chess opening chess moves. Of course, if you are completely new to chess, you should first check out our guide on how to set up the chessboard.

Bad Chess Opening Moves
One of the worst first moves for White to play is 1.g4. With this move, White does not fight for the center – an important concept in chess – and gives Black a clear target to attack. If Black responds to 1.g4 with 1…d5! he occupies the center and directly attacks White’s loose pawn on g4 with his bishop on c8.

If White, for example, defends his pawn with a move like 2.f3, this can lead to a quick mate. The move 2…e6 looks harmless but threatens a deadly checkmate on h4 with the queen.

White can defend by playing 3.h4, but with 3…Bd6 Black renews the threat of mating White on the e1-h4 diagonal. The move 4.Rh3 (defending against …Bg3++) results in a beautiful mate in two. Black can sacrifice his queen with …Qxh4 and after White takes the queen with 5.Rxh4 (there is no alternative), Black ends the game with 5…Bg3++.

Admittedly, this example might be a rare occurrence in practice, but it illustrates that Black can take advantage of these bad opening moves by playing the most simple of moves in response.

Another bad chess opening move is 1.f3 as it irrevocably weakens white’s king position without doing anything useful.

Moreover, bad moves include 1.Na3 and 1.Nh3. These chess moves ignore two basic rules at the same time – not only that “a knight on the rim is dim” but also they force White to move the same piece a second time in the opening, losing valuable tempo, after Black plays 1…e5 or 1…d5 threatening to double White’s pawns by capturing the knight with his bishop.

Also, check out: The Grandmaster’s Opening Laboratory 2
Dubious Chess Opening Moves
1.h4, for example, is a dubious move. The move is not as bad as 1.g4, but it does nothing to assist in gaining control over the important central squares. Furthermore, castling kingside is less attractive after the move h4 as the kingside is already weakened. Thus, the move is rarely seen among serious chess players.

Obviously, White can’t fight for an advantage with this move, but it shouldn’t be too bad as it doesn’t create any weaknesses.

Chess moves such as 1.e3, 1.d3 or 1.c3 are playable and do not weaken White’s position, but there is no particular point to play them except for avoiding theory and your opponent’s preparation. Due to the fact, however, that we’re looking at all the moves from a beginner’s perspective, we don’t need to fear preparation at an amateur level at all.

Thus, such chess moves waste time, get in the way of developing all of your pieces into useful squares and they don’t fight for control over the center.

1.g3, for instance, is not a bad move at all and it can transpose to other openings such as the English. The main drawback of this move, however, is that it enables Black to occupy the center with any moves they wish to play.

In essence, it is recommendable for any beginner to avoid the mentioned weird chess opening moves right from the beginning of their training because they can lead to quick losses and disadvantageous positions from the very start of the game.

Strong Chess Opening Moves
As we’ve seen, if White does not occupy the center with their pawns, Black has the opportunity to do it! Therefore, it is recommended that White plays active, space-gaining chess moves right from the start.

White can begin by moving the Queen’s pawn to “d4” which leads to openings such as the Queen’s Gambit, King’s Indian Defense, Nimzo-Indian, Bogo-Indian, Queen’s Indian Defense, and Dutch Defense. The move 1.d4 contains numerous strengths.

It not only contributes to the control of the center immediately but also it frees two pieces on the back rank with just one move.

1.e4 is the most common opening move in chess. One of the key ideas of this move is to control the center quickly with the pawn which is placed in the center by the first move, also liberating White’s light-squared bishop as well as the White Queen. White can follow up by playing Nf3 and moving his bishop to the dangerous c4 square. From there, it eyes Black’s potentially weak pawn on f7. By bringing the bishop into play, White prepares to castle in the next move.

Finally, it has to be mentioned that 1.c4 (English Opening) and 1.Nf3 (Reti Opening) are also strong chess opening moves which lead to solid and sound chess openings for White.

Following these ideas, White achieves 3 main goals of any opening: control of the center, develop pieces rapidly, and prepares for castling the king into safety.

Conclusion
The explained fundamental concepts are here to help any beginner improve their chess game and start their games with an appropriate chess opening. If you keep these strategies in the forefront of your mind and refresh and deepen your knowledge from time to time, nothing will stand in your way of advancing at chess.

Don’t forget the basics of chess openings: fight for the centre right from the beginning as White (if you don’t, the best you can get out of your opening is an equal position), don’t give up your first mover advantage – (play actively), 1.e4 or 1.d4 are good chess opening moves!

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Chess Pieces Set Up: The Definitive Guide for Chess Beginners
Chess Strategy Tips for Beginners – The Definitive Guide [Video]
How to Set Up a Chess Board: Full Guide Step-by-Step
Best Chess Openings for Beginners: The Definitive Guide [Video]
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43 comments on “What are the Best Chess Opening Moves? – The Definitive Guide”
Charles says:
July 4, 2018 at 9:09 pm
I am a pro chess player. thx for the tips.

Reply
Matthew Sulistyo says:
September 12, 2018 at 2:18 am
yeah bra im pro as well

Reply
Henrik says:
January 8, 2019 at 3:47 pm
Yes me too. very pro

Reply
Ahmet says:
June 23, 2019 at 5:53 pm
i think i am the proest.

Reply
bob says:
July 12, 2019 at 3:39 am
I am the mostest of all proers

Jeff says:
October 8, 2019 at 5:25 am
People generally consider me the protagonist of every good story

Joel Trinidad says:
February 7, 2019 at 2:25 am
I want learn more i want some magic tricks and attack

Reply
FILIPINO AKO says:
February 24, 2019 at 2:53 am
It’s not magic it’s called physics and learning.

Reply
Benedict Nino A. Crio says:
May 14, 2019 at 7:07 am
hi filipino ako me to

Reply
Benedict Nino A. Crio says:
May 14, 2019 at 7:04 am
if you want learn more you study hard in chess and magic is cheating and magic is bad.

🙂

Reply
dorothy says:
February 26, 2019 at 1:36 pm
you have not met me yet

Reply
Thabang ernest says:
September 5, 2018 at 12:32 pm
I tried your tips on how to start chess openings and to learn about many chess openings but yet the computer still beat me with those openings, I don’t know what to do,please help.

Reply
Michael Grady says:
June 6, 2019 at 11:01 pm
The problem is you need to annotate the games and learn from how the computer is beating you and see what you can do to counteract the computer’s moves. Once I was asked to play on a computer to evaluate it. I beat it on easy, medium and hard within a thirty minute span. I told him to take it back and get his money back 😜😝🤣!!!

Reply
nope says:
November 8, 2018 at 12:06 pm
another pro 😀

Reply
Prof. E. Ssional says:
November 23, 2018 at 6:12 pm
Can confirm, I am pro too.

Reply
White Knight says:
January 5, 2019 at 11:38 pm
As a real chess pro it gives me pleasure to see so many pros learning chess basics.

Reply
tony says:
March 19, 2019 at 9:42 pm
nice one

Reply
Logical says:
January 30, 2019 at 10:21 am
good info

Reply
Killer Queen says:
January 31, 2019 at 4:18 pm
It’s about more than just openings though

Reply
Amol Jadhav says:
February 5, 2019 at 7:51 am
I going to be pro soon

Reply
ThePro-iestPro says:
February 11, 2019 at 12:55 pm
As a current pro, I concur.

Reply
lordkezban says:
February 13, 2019 at 2:09 pm
Pro openings, in my countless days of chess as a pro, i have never seen one opening such as these.

Reply
J says:
February 15, 2019 at 5:36 pm
really???????

Reply
Koray says:
March 4, 2019 at 10:08 am
I’m the only beginner here.

Reply
Rommel says:
March 14, 2019 at 8:55 pm
I don’t even want to begin. At 59.5 years, maybe I am too old to play serious chess games. I just want to know a meaningful and delightful computer game. Humans deride me each time I lose.

Reply
Carl Liming says:
March 23, 2019 at 8:17 am
You know computer chess moves are made by humans right?

Reply
Top pro of the chess says:
July 9, 2019 at 10:22 am
Hello fellow pros, nice to see we sre keeping up with the basics.

Reply
Alan says:
July 28, 2019 at 12:03 am
Hi Rimmel I’ve been playing this one for a couple months. It’s quite a challenge for me at “Candidate Master” so I still have a couple of levels to go. Maybe you’ll like it too.
https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.jetstartgames.chess

Reply
rommel says:
March 14, 2019 at 8:57 pm
And lose I always do.

Reply
Benedict Nino A. Crio says:
May 14, 2019 at 7:13 am
dont be sad that a part of chess player me to always same times 0 in game and 3 in round 7 sad but lets study hard to master.

Reply
Jack Bloem says:
March 10, 2019 at 5:54 pm
I was a pro once like many of you. Sadly for me, I woke up.

Reply
Brianlu3642 says:
March 13, 2019 at 11:17 pm
Me too. 🙁

Reply
Brianlu3642 says:
March 13, 2019 at 11:16 pm
How long did you guy play chess for?

Reply
Benedict Nino A. Crio says:
May 14, 2019 at 6:26 am
yes

Reply
Benedict Nino A. Crio says:
May 14, 2019 at 6:34 am
3 years because im a student

Reply
Benedict Nino A. Crio says:
May 14, 2019 at 6:48 am
you know what is the key to be master or improve solving chess,playing chess online,watching videos of chess and reading chess books.

Reply
Benedict Nino A. Crio says:
May 14, 2019 at 6:56 am
that help you man and woman?

Reply
Tafadzwa says:
May 27, 2019 at 4:30 pm
its actually helpful.

Reply
Benedict Nino A. Crio says:
September 28, 2019 at 7:10 am
thanks

Reply
Tammy E sassoon says:
July 1, 2019 at 2:55 am
no their not

Reply
ANSHID ANU says:
August 7, 2019 at 2:49 pm
I AM mr.PRO

Reply
Dissanayake Nisitha Jayaneeth says:
August 13, 2019 at 3:41 pm
I am trying to practice some good openings for the chess open tournament in SriLanka. I hope these would work.I am trying so hard to open rating.

Reply
Benko gambit says:
October 10, 2019 at 11:19 pm
Am I an d4, e4 pro now? I feel like I must be

Reply
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What are the Best Chess Opening Moves?
The four best chess opening moves for White are 1.e4, 1.d4, 1.c4 and 1.Nf3.
The best chess openings after 1. e4 are the Ruy Lopez, the Italian, the Sicilian Defense, the French Defense, and the Caro Kann.
The best chess openings after 1. …
The move 1. …
The move 1.
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BEST Chess Opening for Black: Sicilian Defense: Basic Strategy, Moves, Variations, Ideas …
YouTube · Chess Talk
Mar 3, 2018
9:23
One of the best chess openings:The Yugoslav Attack
YouTube · adiladil78
Sep 9, 2010
https://www.ichess.net › blog › best-…
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Best Chess Opening Moves – The Definitive Guide To Opening Moves – iChess.net
What are the Best Chess Opening Moves? The four best chess opening moves for White are 1.e4, 1.d4, 1.c4 and 1.Nf3. The best chess openings after 1. e4 are the Ruy Lopez, the Italian, the Sicilian Defense, the French Defense, and the Caro Kann. The best chess openings after 1. The move 1. The move 1.
https://www.thesprucecrafts.com › …
Common Chess Openings You Should Learn – The Spruce Crafts
Jul 1, 2019 · Learn about the most common openings in the game of chess, how to … Recognizing and understanding the best openings can increase your …
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The Best Chess Openings For Beginners – Chess.com
Feb 13, 2019 · Most beginners don’t need to memorize exact opening moves and … In this article, we will show you the best chess openings for …
https://thechessworld.com › articles
Chess openings: 5 best white chess openings – TheChessWorld
Jul 10, 2017 · Chess openings: 5 best white chess openings. Professional players spend a lot of time working on the openings in depth, sometimes until the …
https://dwheeler.com › chess-openings
A Beginner’s Garden of Chess Openings – David A. Wheeler
The first moves of a chess game are termed the " opening" or "opening moves". A good opening will provide better protection of the King, control over an area of …
https://www.thechesswebsite.com › c…
Chess Openings – Learn How To Play The Top 60 Openings – The Chess Website
Chess Openings. The first few moves in the chess opening lays the foundation for every chess game. Most of the chess openings have been named and …
https://www.chesscentral.com › pages
Chess Strategy for Chess Openings and Chess Principles – ChessCentral
Later you’ll notice that on occasion (rarely) it’s best to ignore a principle of chess strategy in the opening; nothing here is carved in granite. But for right now, …
https://chess-teacher.com › best-ches…
Best chess openings and how to pick one for you
This lesson teaches you how to pick a best chess opening according to your ELO rating with a cool infographic.
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5 Best Opening Systems for Club Players for Black – TheChessWorld

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